This comprehensive book on Explainable Artificial Intelligence has been updated and expanded to reflect the latest advancements in the field of XAI, enriching the existing literature with new research, case studies, and practical techniques.  The Second Edition expands on its predecessor by addressing advancements in AI, including large language models and multimodal systems that integrate text, visual, auditory, and sensor data. It emphasizes making complex systems interpretable without sacrificing performance and provides an enhanced focus on additive models for improved interpretability. Balancing technical rigor with accessibility, the book combines theory and practical application to equip readers with the skills needed to apply explainable AI (XAI) methods effectively in real-world contexts. Features: Expansion of the "Intrinsic Explainable Models" chapter to delve deeper into generalized additive models and other intrinsic techniques, enriching the chapter with new examples and use cases for a better understanding of intrinsic XAI models. Further details in "Model-Agnostic Methods for XAI" focused on how explanations differ between the training set and the test set, including a new model to illustrate these differences more clearly and effectively. New section in "Making Science with Machine Learning and XAI" presenting a visual approach to learning the basic functions in XAI, making the concept more accessible to readers through an interactive and engaging interface. Revision in "Adversarial Machine Learning and Explainability" that includes a code review to enhance understanding and effectiveness of the concepts discussed, ensuring that code examples are up-to-date and optimized for current best practices. New chapter on "Generative Models and Large Language Models (LLM)" chapter dedicated to generative models and large language models, exploring their role in XAI and how they can be used to create richer, more interactive explanations. This chapter also covers the explainability of transformer models and privacy through generative models. New "Artificial General Intelligence and XAI" mini-chapter dedicated to exploring the implications of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) for XAI, discussing how advancements towards AGI systems influence strategies and methodologies for XAI. Enhancements in "Explaining Deep Learning Models" features new methodologies in explaining deep learning models, further enriching the chapter with cutting-edge techniques and insights for deeper understanding.