From the manufacturer:
The Embraer EMB 312 Tucano is a low-ring tandem-seat single-turboprop basic trainer with counter-insurgency capability developed in Brazil.
The Brazilian Air Force sponsored the EMB-312 project at the end of 1978.
Design and development work began in 1979 on a low-cost, relatively simple new basic trainer with innovative features which eventually became the international standard for basic training aircraft.
The prototype first flew in 1980, and initial production units were delivered in 1983.